United States presidential elections in New York
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Number of elections | 58 |
---|---|
Voted Democratic | 25 |
Voted Republican | 21 |
Voted Whig | 2 |
Voted Democratic-Republican | 7 |
Voted Federalist | 1 |
Voted other | 1[a] |
Voted for winning candidate | 47 |
Voted for losing candidate | 11 |
New York state is one the of initial 13 states of America, but due to a deadlock in the state legislature, it did not join the first presidential election in 1788–89.[1][2] However, apart from this election, New York State has participated in all 58 other elections in U.S. history.
The political landscape of New York has undergone significant changes over the years. The Democratic Party has emerged as the dominant force in the state's politics, with a substantial majority of registered voters affiliating with the party.[3] New York is recognized as one of the key Democratic strongholds, alongside California and Illinois. In the past, New York was considered a swing state, consistently backing the winning candidate in elections from 1792 to 1984, with only a few exceptions. However, since 1988, the state has consistently leaned towards the Democratic Party, often delivering them a significant majority of votes exceeding 60%.[4]
New York is a signatory of the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact, an interstate compact in which signatories award all of their electoral votes to the winner of the national-level popular vote in a presidential election, even if another candidate won an individual signatory's popular vote. As of 2023,[update] it has not yet gone into force.[5]
Presidential elections
[edit]Key for parties |
---|
American Independent Party – (AI)
American Labor Party – (ALP)
Anti-Masonic Party – (Anti-M)
Constitutional Union Party – (CU)
Democratic Party – (D)
Democratic-Republican Party – (DR)
Free Soil Party – (FS)
Federalist Party – (F)
Green Party – (G)
Greenback Party – (GB)
Independent candidate – (I)
Know Nothing Party – (KN)
Liberal Republican Party – (LR)
Libertarian Party – (LI)
Libertarian Party (1840) – (LI-1840)
National Democratic Party – (ND)
National Union Party – (NU)
Progressive Party (1912) – (PR-1912)
Progressive Party (1924) – (PR-1924)
Progressive Party (1948) – (PR-1948)
Prohibition Party – (PRO)
Reform Party – (RE)
Republican Party – (R)
Southern Democratic Party – (SD)
Socialist Labor Party of America – (SLP)
Socialist Workers Party – (SWP)
Whig Party – (W)
|
1788–89 to 1820
[edit]In elections before 1828, New York did not conduct a popular vote. The state legislature appointed each Elector.[6]
Year | Winner | Runner-up | EV | Ref. | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Votes | % | Candidate | Votes | % | |||||
1788–89
|
George Washington (I)‡ | –
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
N/A | [b] | ||
George Washington (I)‡ | –
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
12 | ||||
John Adams (F)‡ | –
|
–
|
Thomas Jefferson (DR) | –
|
–
|
12 | ||||
Thomas Jefferson (DR)‡ | –
|
–
|
John Adams (F) | –
|
–
|
12 | ||||
Thomas Jefferson (DR)‡ | –
|
–
|
Charles C. Pinckney (F) | –
|
–
|
19 | ||||
James Madison (DR)‡ | –
|
–
|
Charles C. Pinckney (F) | –
|
–
|
19 | ||||
James Madison (DR)‡ | –
|
–
|
DeWitt Clinton (F) | –
|
–
|
29 | ||||
James Monroe (DR)‡ | –
|
–
|
Rufus King (F) | –
|
–
|
29 | ||||
James Monroe (DR)‡ | –
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
29 |
1824
[edit]The election of 1824 was a complex realigning election following the collapse of the prevailing Democratic-Republican Party, resulting in four different candidates each claiming to carry the banner of the party, and competing for influence in different parts of the country. The election was the only one in history to be decided by the House of Representatives under the provisions of the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution after no candidate secured a majority of the electoral vote.[23] It was also the only presidential election in which the candidate who received a plurality of electoral votes (Andrew Jackson) did not become president, a source of great bitterness for Jackson and his supporters, who proclaimed the election of Adams a corrupt bargain.[24]This election marks the last time the New York State Legislature chose the state's electors as opposed to using some form of popular vote method.[6]
Year | Winner | Runner-up | Runner-up | Runner-up | Total EV |
Ref. | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | EV | Candidate | EV | Candidate | EV | Candidate | EV | |||||||
1824 | John Quincy Adams (DR)‡ | 26 | William H. Crawford (DR) | 5 | Andrew Jackson (DR) | 1 | Henry Clay (DR) | 4 | 36 |
1828
[edit]In this election, each district's election result decided the electoral college.[27]
Year | Winner | Runner-up | Total EV |
Ref. | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Votes | % | EV | Candidate | Votes | % | EV | |||||
1828 | Andrew Jackson (D)‡ | 139,412 | 51.45% | 20 | John Quincy Adams (NR) | 131,563 | 48.55% | 16 | 36 |
1832 to 1856
[edit]Year | Winner | Runner-up | Other candidate[e] | EV | Ref. | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Votes | % | Candidate | Votes | % | Candidate | Votes | % | ||||||
1832 | Andrew Jackson (D)‡ | 168,497 | 52.1% | Henry Clay (NR) | 154,896 | 47.9% | –
|
–
|
–
|
42 | ||||
1836 | Martin Van Buren (D)‡ | 166,795 | 54.63% | William Henry Harrison (W) | 138,548 | 45.37% | –
|
–
|
–
|
42 | ||||
1840 | William Henry Harrison (W)‡ | 226,001 | 51.18% | Martin Van Buren (D) | 212,733 | 48.18% | James G. Birney (LI-1840) | 2,809 | 0.64% | 42 | ||||
1844 | James K. Polk (D)‡ | 237,588 | 48.9% | Henry Clay (W) | 232,482 | 47.85% | James G. Birney (LI-1840) | 15,812 | 3.25% | 36 | ||||
1848 | Zachary Taylor (W)‡ | 218,583 | 47.94% | Martin Van Buren (FS) | 120,497 | 26.43% | Lewis Cass (D) | 114,319 | 25.07% | 36 | ||||
1852 | Franklin Pierce (D)‡ | 262,083 | 50.18% | Winfield Scott (W) | 234,882 | 44.97% | John P. Hale (FS) | 25,329 | 4.85% | 35 | ||||
1856 | John C. Frémont (R) | 276,004 | 46.27% | James Buchanan (D)‡ | 195,878 | 32.84% | Millard Fillmore (KN) | 124,604 | 20.89% | 6 |
1860
[edit]The election of 1860 was a complex realigning election in which the breakdown of the previous two-party alignment culminated in four parties each competing for influence in different parts of the country.[50] The result of the election, with the victory of an ardent opponent of slavery, spurred the secession of eleven states and brought about the American Civil War.[51]
Year | Winner | Runner-up | EV | Ref. | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Votes (%) |
Candidate | Votes (%) | |||||
1860 | Abraham Lincoln (R)‡ | 362,646 (53.71%) |
Stephen A. Douglas (D), John C. Breckinridge (SD) and John Bell (CU) | 312,510 (46.29%) |
35 |
1864 to present
[edit]Year | Winner | Runner-up | Other candidate[f] | EV | Ref. | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Votes | % | Candidate | Votes | % | Candidate | Votes | % | ||||||
Abraham Lincoln (NU)‡ | 368,735 | 50.46% | George B. McClellan (D) | 361,986 | 49.54% | –
|
–
|
–
|
33 | |||||
Horatio Seymour (D) | 429,883 | 50.59% | Ulysses S. Grant (R)‡ | 50,788 | 49.41% | –
|
–
|
–
|
33 | |||||
Ulysses S. Grant (R)‡ | 440,738 | 53.23% | Horace Greeley (LR) | 387,282 | 46.77% | –
|
–
|
–
|
35 | |||||
Samuel J. Tilden (D) | 521,949 | 51.4% | Rutherford B. Hayes (R)‡ | 489,207 | 48.17% | Green Smith (PRO) | 2,369 | 0.23% | 35 | |||||
James A. Garfield (R)‡ | 555,544 | 50.32% | Winfield S. Hancock (D) | 534,511 | 48.42% | James B. Weaver (GB) | 12,373 | 1.12% | 35 | |||||
Grover Cleveland (D)‡ | 563,154 | 48.25% | James G. Blaine (R) | 562,005 | 48.15% | John St. John (PRO) | 25,006 | 2.14% | 36 | |||||
Benjamin Harrison (R)‡ | 650,338 | 49.28% | Grover Cleveland (D) | 635,965 | 48.19% | Clinton Fisk (PRO) | 30,231 | 2.29% | 36 | |||||
Grover Cleveland (D)‡ | 654,868 | 48.99% | Benjamin Harrison (R) | 609,350 | 45.58% | John Bidwell (PRO) | 38,190 | 2.86% | 36 | |||||
William McKinley (R)‡ | 819,838 | 57.58% | William Jennings Bryan (D) | 551,369 | 38.72% | John McAuley Palmer (ND) | 18,950 | 1.33% | 36 | |||||
William McKinley (R)‡ | 822,013 | 53.1% | William Jennings Bryan (D) | 678,462 | 43.83% | John G. Woolley (PRO) | 22077 | 1.43% | 36 | |||||
Theodore Roosevelt (R)‡ | 859,533 | 53.13% | Alton B. Parker (D) | 683,981 | 42.28% | Eugene V. Debs (S) | 36,883 | 2.28% | 39 | |||||
William Howard Taft (R)‡ | 870,070 | 53.11% | William Jennings Bryan (D) | 667,468 | 40.74% | Eugene V. Debs (S) | 38,451 | 2.35% | 39 | |||||
Woodrow Wilson (D)‡ | 655,573 | 41.27% | William Howard Taft (R) | 455,487 | 28.68% | Theodore Roosevelt (PR-1912) | 390,093 | 24.56% | 45 | |||||
Charles Evans Hughes (R) | 879,238 | 51.53% | Woodrow Wilson (D)‡ | 759,426 | 44.51% | Allan L. Benson (S) | 45,944 | 2.69% | 45 | |||||
Warren G. Harding (R)‡ | 1,871,167 | 64.56% | James M. Cox (D) | 781,238 | 26.95% | Eugene V. Debs (S) | 203,201 | 7.01% | 45 | |||||
Calvin Coolidge (R)‡ | 1,820,058 | 55.76% | John W. Davis (D) | 950,796 | 29.13% | Robert M. La Follette (PR-1924) | 474,913 | 14.55% | 45 | |||||
Herbert Hoover (R)‡ | 2,193,344 | 49.79% | Al Smith (D) | 2,089,863 | 47.44% | Norman Thomas (S) | 107,332 | 2.44% | 45 | |||||
Franklin D. Roosevelt (D)‡ | 2,534,959 | 54.07% | Herbert Hoover (R) | 1,937,963 | 41.33% | Norman Thomas (S) | 177,397 | 3.78% | 47 | |||||
Franklin D. Roosevelt (D)‡ | 3,293,222 | 58.85% | Alf Landon (R) | 2,180,670 | 38.97% | Norman Thomas (S) | 86,897 | 1.55% | 47 | |||||
Franklin D. Roosevelt (D)‡ | 3,251,918 | 51.5% | Wendell Willkie (R) | 2,180,670 | 47.95% | Norman Thomas (S) | 18,950 | 0.3% | 47 | |||||
Franklin D. Roosevelt (D)‡ | 3,304,238 | 52.31% | Thomas E. Dewey (R) | 2,987,647 | 47.3% | Edward A. Teichert (SLP) | 14,352 | 0.23% | 47 | |||||
Thomas E. Dewey (R) | 2,841,163 | 45.99% | Harry S. Truman (D)‡ | 2,780,204 | 45.01% | Henry A. Wallace (PR-1948) | 509,559 | 8.25% | 47 | |||||
Dwight D. Eisenhower (R)‡ | 3,952,815 | 55.45% | Adlai Stevenson II (D) | 3,104,601 | 43.55% | Vincent Hallinan (ALP) | 64,211 | 0.9% | 45 | |||||
Dwight D. Eisenhower (R)‡ | 4,345,506 | 61.24% | Adlai Stevenson II (D) | 2,458,282 | 34.64% | Write-ins | 2521 | 0.04% | 45 | |||||
John F. Kennedy (D)‡ | 3,830,085 | 52.53% | Richard Nixon (R) | 3,446,419 | 47.27% | Farrell Dobbs (SWP) | 14,319 | 0.2% | 45 | |||||
Lyndon B. Johnson (D)‡ | 4,913,156 | 68.56% | Barry Goldwater (R) | 2,243,559 | 31.31% | Eric Hass (SLP) | 6,085 | 0.5% | 43 | |||||
Hubert Humphrey (D) | 3,378,470 | 49.76% | Richard Nixon (R)‡ | 3,007,932 | 44.3% | George Wallace (AI) | 358,864 | 5.29% | 43 | |||||
Richard Nixon (R)‡ | 4,192,778 | 58.54% | George McGovern (D) | 2,951,084 | 41.21% | Evelyn Reed (SWP) | 7,797 | 0.11% | 41 | |||||
Jimmy Carter (D)‡ | 3,389,558 | 51.87% | Gerald Ford (R) | 3,100,791 | 47.46% | Roger MacBride (LI) | 12,197 | 0.19% | 41 | |||||
Ronald Reagan (R)‡ | 2,893,831 | 46.66% | Jimmy Carter (D) | 2,728,372 | 43.99% | John B. Anderson (I) | 467,801 | 7.54% | 41 | |||||
Ronald Reagan (R)‡ | 3,664,763 | 53.84% | Walter Mondale (D) | 3,119,609 | 45.83% | David Bergland (LI) | 11,949 | 0.18% | 36 | |||||
Michael Dukakis (D) | 3,347,882 | 51.62% | George H. W. Bush (R)‡ | 3,081,871 | 47.52% | Ron Paul (LI) | 20,497 | 0.32% | 36 | |||||
Bill Clinton (D)‡ | 3,444,450 | 49.73% | George H. W. Bush (R) | 2,346,649 | 33.88% | Ross Perot (I) | 1,090,721 | 15.75% | 33 | |||||
Bill Clinton (D)‡ | 3,756,177 | 59.47% | Bob Dole (R) | 1933492 | 30.61% | Ross Perot (RE) | 503,458 | 7.97% | 33 | |||||
Al Gore (D) | 4,113,791 | 60.22% | George W. Bush (R)‡ | 2,405,676 | 35.22% | Ralph Nader (G) | 244,398 | 3.58% | 33 | |||||
John Kerry (D) | 4,314,280 | 58.37% | George W. Bush (R)‡ | 2,962,567 | 40.08% | Ralph Nader (I) | 99,873 | 1.35% | 31 | |||||
Barack Obama (D)‡ | 4,804,945 | 62.88% | John McCain (R) | 2,752,771 | 36.03% | Ralph Nader (I) | 41,249 | 0.54% | 31 | |||||
Barack Obama (D)‡ | 4,485,741 | 63.35% | Mitt Romney (R) | 2,490,431 | 35.17% | Gary Johnson (LI) | 47,256 | 0.07% | 29 | |||||
Hillary Clinton (D) | 4,556,124 | 59.38% | Donald Trump (R)‡ | 2,819,534 | 36.75% | Gary Johnson (LI) | 176,598 | 2.3% | 29 | |||||
Joe Biden (D)‡ | 5,244,886 | 60.87% | Donald Trump (R) | 3,251,997 | 37.74% | Jo Jorgensen (LI) | 60,383 | 0.7% | 29 |
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ George Washington, 1792.
- ^ Washington effectively ran unopposed nationally, but New York did not participate due to a deadlock in the state legislature.[1][2]
- ^ a b c d e f g Electors were appointed by state legislature.
- ^ a b Ran unopposed
- ^ For purposes of these lists, other national candidates are defined as those who won at least one electoral vote, or won at least ten percent of the vote in multiple states.
- ^ For purposes of these lists, other candidates are defined as those who were in third place in New York.
References
[edit]- ^ a b Merrill Jensen, Gordon DenBoer (1976). The Documentary History of the First Federal Elections, 1788-1790. University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 196–197.
- ^ a b Ratcliffe, Donald (2013). "The Right to Vote and the Rise of Democracy, 1787-1828". Journal of the Early Republic. 33 (2): 225–229. doi:10.1353/jer.2013.0033. S2CID 145135025.
- ^ "Enrollment by County | New York State Board of Elections". Elections.ny.gov. Archived from the original on January 8, 2012. Retrieved September 19, 2023.
- ^ "New York Presidential Election Voting History". 270toWin. Archived from the original on 18 July 2024. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
- ^ "Status of National Popular Vote Bill in Each State". National Popular Vote Inc. November 11, 2016. Archived from the original on 2021-04-11. Retrieved 2023-05-05.
- ^ a b Moore, John L., ed. (1985). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (2nd ed.). Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly, Inc. pp. 254–56.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 837.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 24.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 838.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 25.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 839.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 26.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 840.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 27.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 841.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 28.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 842.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 29.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 843.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 30.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 844.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 31.
- ^ "Why the Election of 1824 Was Called 'The Corrupt Bargain'". ThoughtCo. Archived from the original on May 28, 2020. Retrieved July 3, 2023.
- ^ Morgan, William G. (1967). "John Quincy Adams Versus Andrew Jackson: Their Biographers And The 'Corrupt Bargain' Charge". Tennessee Historical Quarterly. 26 (1): 43–58. ISSN 0040-3261. JSTOR 42622916. Archived from the original on July 18, 2023. Retrieved July 3, 2023.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 755.
- ^ a b Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 87.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 10.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 756.
- ^ "1828 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 21 October 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 757.
- ^ a b Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 88.
- ^ "1832 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 2 December 2008. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g Burnham 1955, p. 248.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 758.
- ^ "1836 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 3 December 2008. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 759.
- ^ a b Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 89.
- ^ "1840 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 760.
- ^ "1844 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 761.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 90.
- ^ "1848 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 762.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 91.
- ^ "1852 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 763.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 92.
- ^ "1856 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Egerton, Douglas (2010). Year of Meteors: Stephen Douglas, Abraham Lincoln, and the Election That Brought on the Civil War. Bloomsbury Press. p. 19. ISBN 978-1-59691-619-7.
- ^ Walther, Eric H. (2006). William Lowndes Yancey and the coming of the Civil War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. p. 262. ISBN 9780807830277. Archived from the original on 7 September 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 764.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 93.
- ^ "1860 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 2 October 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Burnham 1955, p. 249.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 765.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 94.
- ^ "1864 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 2 May 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 766.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 95.
- ^ "1868 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 26 September 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 767.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 96.
- ^ "1872 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 768.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 97.
- ^ "1876 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 769.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 98.
- ^ "1880 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 770.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 99.
- ^ "1884 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 771.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 100.
- ^ "1888 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 772.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 101.
- ^ "1892 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 16 June 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 773.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 102.
- ^ "1896 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 28 September 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 774.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 103.
- ^ "1900 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 775.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 104.
- ^ "1904 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 776.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 105.
- ^ "1908 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 23 January 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 777.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 106.
- ^ "1912 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 2 December 2008. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 778.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 107.
- ^ "1916 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 779.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 108.
- ^ "1920 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 16 January 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 780.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 109.
- ^ "1924 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 781.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 110.
- ^ "1928 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 2 December 2008. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 782.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 111.
- ^ "1932 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 783.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 112.
- ^ "1936 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 784.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 113.
- ^ "1940 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 4 July 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 785.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 114.
- ^ "1944 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 786.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 115.
- ^ "1948 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 787.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 116.
- ^ "1952 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 2 May 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 788.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 117.
- ^ "1956 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 2 December 2008. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 789.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 118.
- ^ "1960 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 16 September 2006. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 790.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 119.
- ^ "1964 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 791.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 120.
- ^ "1968 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 792.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 121.
- ^ "1972 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 793.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 122.
- ^ "1976 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 794.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 123.
- ^ "1980 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 795.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 124.
- ^ "1984 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 10 April 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 796.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 125.
- ^ "1988 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 797.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 126.
- ^ "1992 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 7 September 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 798.
- ^ Presidential elections, 1789–1996, p. 127.
- ^ "1996 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 799.
- ^ "2000 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 26 June 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 800.
- ^ "2004 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections 2010, p. 801.
- ^ "2008 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 5 August 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ "2012 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ "2016 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 29 November 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ "2020 Presidential General Election Results - New York". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Archived from the original on 15 August 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
Works cited
[edit]- Guide to U.S. Elections. SAGE Publications. 2010. ISBN 978-1-60426-536-1. LCCN 2009033938. OL 24461757M.
- Burnham, Walter Dean (1955). Presidential Ballots, 1836–1892. Johns Hopkins University Press. LCCN 55008428. OL 6176796M.
- Presidential Elections, 1789–1996. Congressional Quarterly. 1997. ISBN 978-1-56802-065-5. LCCN 97019084. OL 673017M.